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Chiang Mai is a city built on the roots of a traditional heritage that dig deep into the soil of time. It's a city with a beautiful cultural personality of its own. In addition, it's been blessed with much majestic beauty in nature. The people themselves are an unforgettable part of Chiang Mai. Handicrafts of silk, silver and wood are timeless souvenirs for visitors from all over the globe. Along with all this, a wide variety of accommodations, restaurants, and entertainment all help to make Chiang Mai one of Thailand's prime tourist attractions..

Location
Chiang Mai, 761 kms. by rail, approximately 700 kms. by road north of Bangkok, with an area of 20,107.1 sq.lms., is Thailand's second largest city and capital of the northern region.

ChiangMai is administratively divided into 22 Amphurs districts) : Muang

Situated between north latitude 17-21 and east longitude 98-99, the province of Chiang Mai is found in the upper area of Thailand's northern region. Chiang Mai valley is 310 meters (1,027 feet) above sea level. The widest point of the province measures 136 kms. (85 miles), and the longest 320 kms. (200 miles). To the north, a 277 kms. (141.82 miles) stretch of mountains divides Chiang Mai's northern districts of Fang and Mae Ai from Myanmar's (Burma's) Chiang Tung (Shan) State. In certain areas, the Kok River also acts as a border between Chiang Mai and Myanmar. On the east, Chiang Mai is bodered by the Chaing Rai, Lampang, and Lamphun provinces. The Mae Tuen River, Ream Mountain, and Luang Mountain separate Chiang Mai's South from the province of Tak. Some portions of Chiang Mai's South also border the Lamphun province. Tothe west, Chiang Mai is bordered by Mae Hong Son province.

Topography
A large part (69.31%) of Chiang Mai's land is covered by mountains and forests. These generally run in a north-south pattern through the province and give birth to several streams and tributaries (such as the Mae Jam, Mae Ngud, and Mae Klang) which in turn feed important rivers and irrigation canals (such as the Muang and Faay) which provide the water necessary to Chiang Mai's agriculture. Chiang Mai's largest and most important river is the Ping, which originates in the mountains of Chiang Dao and flows southward for 540 kilometers (337.5 miles). It is along the banks of this river that Chiang Mai's flat, fertile valley atea lies.

Chiang Mai is also home to Inthanon Mountain, which stands 2,575 meters (8,448 feet) above sea level and is Thailand's highest mountain.

Climate
Cool Season : (late October to end of Februry). average temperature 21? C and much cooler at night. The colest months are December and January.
Hot Season : (early March to end of May) Average temperature 29.9? C. The hottest month is April. Rainy Season : (early June to end of October). Average temperature 25.5? C. The wettest month is September.

Population
Chiang Mai Population

With a population of 1,547,085 Chiang Mai is one of Thailand's largest provinces. Of the above number, 170,348 are currently living in Chiang Mai's city area with the rest distributed throughout Chiang Mai's 21 districts, 2 sub-districts. 80% of the people in Chiang Mai are locals by birth, and speak a sialext that is a slight variation of the central Thai language. The remaining 20% is made up of Thai nationals and foreigners who have moved to Chiang Mai to work, study, or retire.
There are many hilltribe people living in the mountainous districts surrounding Chiang Mai such as Omkoi, Mae Jam, Chiang Dao, and Mae Ai. Statistics reported by the Tribal Research Institute of Chiang Mai stated that in the year 1992 there were 1,049 hilltribe villages in the Chiang Mai province, constituting a total of 174,195 people. Of this amount, 106,116 were from the Karen tribe, 27,392 from the Lahu (Musur) tribe, 17,198 from the Hmong (Meo) tribe, 10,873 form the Lisu tribe, 8,862 from the Lua tribe, 2,609 from the Akha tribe, 1,145 from the Mien (yao) tribe, and 485 from the Palong tribe. The hilltribe people are agricultural; planting fields, raising animals, and hunting for a living. Since each tribe has its own culture and language, they blanket the hills of Chiang Mai with an interesting patchwork quilt of diverse variety.

The majority (80%) of the Chiang Mai people earn a living through agriculture and agricultural related professions. The second largest vocation is tourism and its directly and indirectly related jobs. General commerce and industry-mainly in the form of handicrafts, and of processing agricultural products-are the two other major professions in which the Chiang Mai people are involved.

Orientation
Located in north western Thailand, old Chiang Mai is a neat square bounded by moats and partial walls. Th Moon Muang, along the east moat, is the centre for inexpensive accommodation and places to eat. Th Tha Phae, the main street, runs from the moat here at the main square east and over Mae Nam Ping (River). Here it changes its name to Th Charoen Meuang and passes the post office and train station almost 3km (1.8mi) from the eastern city moat.

Bus stations linking Chiang Mai to southern Thailand and international capitals are located at various points around the city. The Chiang Pheuak terminal (a 2 minute walk from the north moat) links the city to other places within Chiang Mai province, while the Chiang Mai Arcade terminal (north east of the city, just off Thanon Kaew Nawarat) is the main link to destinations further afield.

Events
The week-long Winter Fair at the end of December is a great festival, as is the April Songkran Water Festival. The highlight of Chiang Mai's festivals, however, is the Flower Carnival in February, which features parades, floats, music and traditional cultural events.

Chinese New Year falls in late January or early February, and is celebrated throughout Thailand. Some other of Thailand's seemingly endless list of public holidays include Chakri Day (6 April), Coronation Day (5 May), Constitution Day (10 December) and several holidays celebrating the birthdays of current and former kings and queens.

Activities
Most people - Thais and foreigners alike - come to Chiang Mai for shopping bargains, and for a taste of traditional northern culture. Chiang Mai is also a great place to cycle around, and - especially pleasant on hot days - there are plenty of swimming facilities. For those wanting to relax Thai massage, yoga and Hindu meditation are popular pursuits.

Getting There
Chiang Mai's airport takes regular traffic from Thailand's major cities (including seven daily flights from Bangkok), as well as from other regional centres, including Kunming, Singapore, Hong Kong, Yangon and Kuala Lumpur. The small airport is well-equipped, with restaurants, visitor information, gift shops and ATMs.

Buses also plough the route between Bangkok and Chiang Mai several times a day. The trip takes between 10 and 12 hours, depending on the money you pay. Twenty-five other destinations in Thailand are also served by buses, most of which depart and arrive from the Chiang Mai Arcade bus terminal. Trains also connect Chiang Mai to her southern capital.

Getting Around
Linking the airport to the city are two legal airport taxi services. Pick up a ticket near baggage claim and present it to a taxi driver outside the terminal. The airport is only about 3km (1.8mi) from the city centre. Heading back to the airport, the cheapest option is a tъk-tъk or red songthaew.

In 1997, Chiang Mai cancelled all bus services, so now most residents get about in songthaews or on bicycle or motorcycle. If you're really adventurous, you can always rent yourself a car, jeep, motorcycle or mini-van. Look into the insurance deals offered by the different companies, and try to ask around before signing on the dotted line.

The best way to get around is bicycle. They are cheap to hire, environmentally conscious, give the lungs a workout and can be rented conveniently from many guesthouses and along the east moat. There are also hordes of swngthew (mini buses), tъk tъks and Samlбw which are cheap enough but contribure to unnecessary traffic congestion and pollution.

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